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A further development of established heating-cooling-freezing systems (so-called monofluid systems) is suited for reactor cooling at temperatures of -80°C to -120°C. These indicate normally
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a steam pressured heat exchanger or electrical heater for the high temperature range,
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a heat exchanger which is flushed with cooling water for the medium temperature range as well as a
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brine cooled heat exchanger for the low temperature range. In addition for this or as replacement, the lowest temperatures for enhanced hkt-systems are reached with a heat exchanger cooled with liquid nitrogen (LN2, evaporation temperature at ambient pressure -196 °C). A simplified system schematic of such a plant is shown in the following image.
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Temperature range between -120 °C and +250 °C
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Performance range: 6 to 1,000 kW
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Primary energies heating: Electro/steam/thermal oil
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Primary energies cooling: Water/brine/nitrogen
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